Reliability of Lattice Gauge Theories

Year: 2020

Authors: Halimeh J., Hauke P.

Autors Affiliation: Heidelberg Univ, Kirchhoff Inst Phys, Neuenheimer Feld 227, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Heidelberg Univ, Inst Theoret Phys, Philosophenweg 16, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Univ Trento, INO CNR BEC Ctr, Via Sommar 14, I-38123 Trento, Italy; Univ Trento, Dept Phys, Via Sommar 14, I-38123 Trento, Italy; Max Planck Inst Phys Komplexer Syst, Nothnitzer Str 38, D-01187 Dresden, Germany

Abstract: Currently, there are intense experimental efforts to realize lattice gauge theories in quantum simulators. Except for specific models, however, practical quantum simulators can never be fine-tuned to perfect local gauge invariance. There is thus a strong need for a rigorous understanding of gauge-invariance violation and how to reliably protect against it. As we show through analytic and numerical evidence, in the presence of a gauge invariance-breaking term the gauge violation accumulates only perturbatively at short times before proliferating only at very long times. This proliferation can be suppressed up to infinite times by energetically penalizing processes that drive the dynamics away from the initial gauge-invariant sector. Our results provide a theoretical basis that highlights a surprising robustness of gauge-theory quantum simulators.

Journal/Review: PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS

Volume: 125 (3)      Pages from: 030503-1  to: 030503-6

More Information: The authors are grateful to Z. Jiang and G. Morigi for useful comments, and to J. Berges, F. Jendrzejewski, R. Ott, B. Yang, and T. Zache, for stimulating discussions and collaboration on related work. J. C. H. thanks J. C. Louw for interesting discussions related to exact diagonalization. This work is part of and supported by the DFG Collaborative Research Centre SFB 1225 (Grant No. ISOQUANT), the Provincia Autonoma di Trento, and the ERC Starting Grant StrEnQTh (Project-ID 804305).
KeyWords: QUANTUM SIMULATION; PYTHON FRAMEWORK; DYNAMICS; SYMMETRY; LIGHT; QUTIP
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.125.030503

Citations: 42
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