Vortex lattice in the crossover of a Bose gas from weak coupling to unitarity

Year: 2018

Authors: Adhikari S.K., Salasnich L.

Autors Affiliation: UNESP Univ Estadual Paulista, Inst Fis Teor, BR-01140070 Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil; Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis & Astron Galileo Galilei, Via Marzolo 8, I-35131 Padua, Italy; CNR, INO, Via Nello Carrara 1, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.

Abstract: The formation of a regular lattice of quantized vortices in a fluid under rotation is a smoking-gun signature of its superfluid nature. Here we study the vortex lattice in a dilute superfluid gas of bosonic atoms at zero temperature along the crossover from the weak-coupling regime, where the inter-atomic scattering length is very small compared to the average distance between atoms, to the unitarity regime, where the inter-atomic scattering length diverges. This study is based on high-performance numerical simulations of the time-dependent nonlinear Schrodinger equation for the superfluid order parameter in three spatial dimensions, using a realistic analytical expression for the bulk equation of state of the system along the crossover from weak-coupling to unitarity. This equation of state has the correct weak-coupling and unitarity limits and faithfully reproduces the results of an accurate multi-orbital microscopic calculation. Our numerical predictions of the number of vortices and root-mean-square sizes are important benchmarks for future experiments.

Journal/Review: SCIENTIFIC REPORTS

Volume: 8      Pages from: 8825-1  to: 8825-11

More Information: S.K.A. thanks the Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (Brazil) (Projects: 2012/00451-0 and 2016/01343-7) and the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (Brazil) (Project: 303280/2014-0) for support. L.S. thanks for partial support the BIRD Project Superfluid properties of Fermi gases in optical potentials of the University of Padova and the FFABR grant of Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research.
KeyWords: Gross-Pitaevskii equation; Einstein condensation; Feshbach resonances; helium II; superconductors
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27146-1

Citations: 9
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