Electrical Switching of Infrared Light Using Graphene Integration with Plasmonic Fano Resonant Metasurfaces

Year: 2015

Authors: Dabidian N., Kholmanov I., Khanikaev A. B., Tatar K., Trendafilov S., Mousavi S. H., Magnuson C., Ruoff R. S., Shvets G.

Autors Affiliation: Univ Texas Austin, Dept Phys, Austin, TX 78712 USA; Univ Texas Austin, Ctr Nano & Mol Sci & Technol, Austin, TX 78712 USA; Univ Texas Austin, Mech Engn & Mat Sci Program, Austin, TX 78712 USA; CUNY Queens Coll, Dept Phys, Queens, NY 11367 USA; CUNY, Grad Ctr, New York, NY 10016 USA; Univ Brescia, Sensor Lab, CNR INO, I-25123 Brescia, Italy.

Abstract: Graphene has emerged as a promising optoelectronic material because its optical properties can be rapidly and dramatically changed using electric gating Graphene’s weak optical response especially in the infrared part of the spectrum, remains the key challenge to developing practical graphene-based optical devices such as modulators, infrared detectors, and tunable reflect-arrays Here it is experimentally and theoretically demonstrated that a plasmonic metasurface with two Fano resonances can dramatically enhance the interaction of infrared light with single layer graphene: Graphene’s plasmonic response in the Pauli blocking regime is shown to cause strong spectral shifts of the Fano resonances without inducing additional nonradiative losses. It is shown that such electrically controllable spectral shift, combined with the narrow spectral width of the metasurface’s Fano resonances, enables reflectivity modulation by nearly an order of magnitude. We also demonstrate that metasurface-based enhancement of the interaction between graphene and infrared light can be utilized to extract one of the key optical parameters of graphene: the free carrier scattering rate. Numerical simulations demonstrate the,possibility of strong active modulation of the phase of the reflected light while keeping the reflectivity nearly constant, thereby paving the way to tunable infrared lenses and beam steering devices based on electrically controlled graphene integrated with resonant metasurfaces.

Journal/Review: ACS PHOTONICS

Volume: 2 (2)      Pages from: 216  to: 227

More Information: This work was suppo rted by the Office of Naval Research (ONR) Award N00014-13-1-0837 and by the National Science Foundation (NSF) Award DMR 1120923. I.K., C.M., and R.S.R. would like to acknowledge the support from a Tokyo Electron Ltd. (TEL)-customized Semiconductor Research Corporation Award (2009-OJ-1873) and the Office of Naval Research (Grant N00014-10-1-0254). Babak Fallahazad, Sommayeh Rahimi, and Nima Asoudegi are acknowledged for their advice on the fabrication procedures.
KeyWords: optical switching; Fano resonance metasurface; graphene; modulation depth
DOI: 10.1021/ph5003279

Citations: 207
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