General Rules for Bosonic Bunching in Multimode Interferometers

Year: 2013

Authors: Spagnolo N., Vitelli C., Sansoni L., Maiorino E., Mataloni P., Sciarrino F., Brod D.J., Galvao E.F., Crespi A., Ramponi R., Osellame R.

Autors Affiliation: Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Universita` di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy;
Center of Life NanoScience @ La Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Regina Elena, 255, I-00185 Roma, Italy;
Istituto Nazionale di Ottica (INO-CNR), Largo Enrico Fermi 6, I-50125 Firenze, Italy;
Instituto de Fısica, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Avenida General Milton Tavares de Souza s/n, Niteroi, R.J. 24210-340, Brazil;
Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IFN-CNR), Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 32, I-20133 Milano, Italy;
Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 32, I-20133 Milano, Italy

Abstract: We perform a comprehensive set of experiments that characterize bosonic bunching of up to three photons in interferometers of up to 16 modes. Our experiments verify two rules that govern bosonic bunching. The first rule, obtained recently, predicts the average behavior of the bunching probability and is known as the bosonic birthday paradox. The second rule is new and establishes a n!-factor quantum enhancement for the probability that all n bosons bunch in a single output mode, with respect to the case of distinguishable bosons. In addition to its fundamental importance in phenomena such as Bose-Einstein condensation, bosonic bunching can be exploited in applications such as linear optical quantum computing and quantum-enhanced metrology.

Journal/Review: PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS

Volume: 111 (13)      Pages from: 130503-1  to: 130503-5

More Information: This work was supported by the ERC-Starting Grant 3D-QUEST (3D-Quantum Integrated Optical Simulation; Grant Agreement No. 307783): http://www.3dquest.eu. D. B. and E. G. acknowledge support from the Brazilian National Institute for Science and Technology of Quantum Information (INCT-IQ/CNPq). We acknowledge Scott Aaronson for useful feedback and Giorgio Milani and Sandro Giacomini for experimental support.
KeyWords: Bose-einstein Condensation; Photons; Interference
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.111.130503

Citations: 65
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