In-vacuum optical isolation changes by heating in a Faraday isolator

Year: 2008

Authors: Acernese F., Alshourbagy M., Amico P., Antonucci F., Aoudia S., Astone P., Avino S., Ballardin G., Baggio L., Barone F., Barsotti L., Barsuglia M., Bauer T. S., Bigotta S., Birindelli S., Bizouard M. A., Boccara A. C., Bondu F., Bosi L., Braccini S., Bradaschia C., Brillet A., Brisson V., Buskulic D., Cagnoli G., Calloni E., Campagna E., Carbognani F., Carbone L., Cavalier F., Cavalieri R., Cella G., Cesarini E., Chassande-Mottin E., Chatterji S., Cleva F., Coccia E., Corda C., Corsi A., Cottone F., Coulon J. P., Cuoco E., D’Antonio S., Dari A., Dattilo V., Davier M., De Rosa R., Del Prete M., Di Fiore L., Di Lieto A., Di Paolo Emilio M., Di Virgilio A., Evans M., Fafone V., Ferrante I., Fidecaro F., Fiori I., Flaminio R., Fournier J. D., Frasca S., Frasconi F., Gammaitoni L., Garufi F., Genin E., Gennai A., Giazotto A., Giordano L., Granata V., Greverie C., Grosjean D., Guidi G., Hamdani S., Hebri S., Heitmann H., Hello P., Huet D., La Penna P., Laval M., Leroy N., Letendre N., Lopez B., Lorenzini M., Loriette V., Losurdo G., Mackowski J. M., Majorana E., Man N., Mantovani M., Marchesoni F., Marion F., Marque J., Martelli F., Masserot A., Menzinger F., Milano L., Minenkov Y., Moins C., Morgado N., Mosca S., Mours B., Neri I., Nocera F., Pagliaroli G., Palomba C., Paoletti F., Pardi S., Pasqualetti A., Passaquieti R., Passuello D., Persichetti G., Piergiovanni F., Pinard L., Poggiani R., Punturo M., Puppo P., Rabaste O., Rapagnani P., Regimbau T., Remillieux A., Ricci F., Ricciardi I., Rocchi A., Rolland L., Romano R., Ruggi P., Russo G., Sentenac D., Solimeno S., Swinkels B. L., Tarallo M., Terenzi R., Toncelli A., Tonelli M., Tournefier E., Travasso F., Vajente G., Van den Brand J. F. J., Van der Putten S., Verkindt D., Vetrano F., Vicere A., Vinet J. Y., Vocca H., Yvert M.

Autors Affiliation: European Gravitat Observ, I-56021 Cascina, PI, Italy; Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Napoli, I-84084 Salerno, Italy; Univ Salerno, I-84084 Salerno, Italy; Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy; Univ Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy; Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy; Univ Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy; Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma, I-00185 Rome, Italy; Univ Naples Federico II, I-80126 Naples, Italy; Univ Savoie, IN2P3 CNRS, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France; Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Napoli, I-80126 Naples, Italy; Univ Paris 11, IN2P3 CNRS, Lab Accelerateur Lineaire, F-91898 Orsay, France; Natl Inst Subatom Phys, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands; ESPCI 10, F-75005 Paris, France; Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Firenze, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; Univ Urbino, I-61029 Urbino, Italy; Univ Florence, I-50121 Florence, Italy; Observ Cote Azur, Dept Artemis, CNRS, F-06304 Nice, France; Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma Tor Vergata, I-67100 Laquila, Italy; Univ Roma Tor Vergata, I-00173 Rome, Italy; Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Perugia, I-6123 Perugia, Italy; Univ Perugia, I-6123 Perugia, Italy; Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pisa, I-53100 Siena, Italy; Univ Siena, I-53100 Siena, Italy; Univ Aquila, I-67100 Laquila, Italy; CNRS, IN2P3, LMA, F-69622 Villeurbanne, Lyon, France; Univ Roma La Sapienza, I-00185 Rome, Italy; CNRS, ESPCI, F-75005 Paris, France; INAF, Ist Fis Spazio Interplanetario, Trieste, Italy; Vrije Univ Amsterdam, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands

Abstract: We describe a model evaluating changes in the optical isolation of a Faraday isolator when passing from air to vacuum in terms of different thermal effects in the crystal. The changes are particularly significant g a in the crystal thermal lensing (refraction index and thermal expansion) and in its Verdet constant and can be, ascribed to the less efficient convection cooling of the magneto-optic crystal of the Faraday isolator. An isolation decrease by a factor of 10 is experimentally observed in a Faraday isolator that is used in a gravitational wave experiment (Virgo) with a 10 W input laser when going from air to vacuum. A finite element model simulation reproduces with a great accuracy the experimental data measured on Virgo and on a test bench. A first set of measurements of the thermal lensing has been used to characterize the losses of the crystal, which depend on the sample. The isolation factor measured on Virgo confirms the simulation model and the absorption losses of 0.0016 +/- 0.0002/cm for the TGG magneto-optic crystal used in the Faraday isolator. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America

Journal/Review: APPLIED OPTICS

Volume: 47 (31)      Pages from: 5853  to: 5861

KeyWords: Gravitational waves; Laser interferometry;
DOI: 10.1364/AO.47.005853

Citations: 20
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