In-situ measurements of tropical cloud properties in the West African Monsoon: Upper tropospheric ice clouds, Mesoscale Convective System outflow, and subvisual cirrus
Year: 2011
Authors: Borrmann S., Frey W., Kunkel D., Weigel R., de Reus M., Schlager H., Roiger A., Voigt C., Hoor P., Curtius J., Krämer M., Schiller C., Volk C. M., Homan C. D., Fierli F., Di Donfrancesco G., Ulanovsky A., Ravegnani F., Sitnikov N. M., Viciani S., D’Amato F., Shur G. N., Belyaev G. V., Law K. S., Cairo F.
Autors Affiliation: Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Particle Chemistry Department, Mainz, Germany;
Institute for Atmospheric Physics, Johannes-Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany;
Elementar Analysensysteme GmbH, Hanau, Germany;
Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre, DLR, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany;
Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Frankfurt University, Frankfurt,
Germany;
Forschungszentrum Jülich, IEK-7, Jülich, Germany;
Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, Germany;
Institute of Atmospheric Science and Climate, ISAC-CNR, Rome, Italy;
Ente Nazionale per le Nuove tecnologie, l’Energia e l’Ambiente, Frascati, Italy;
Central Aerological Observatory, Dolgoprudny, Moskow Region, Russia;
CNR-INO National Institute of Optics, Florence, Italy;
MDB-Myasishchev Design Bureau, Zhukovsky-5, Moscow Region, Russia;
UPMC Univ. Paris 06, Université Versailles St-Quentin, CNRS/INSU, LATMOS-IPSL, Paris, France;
KNMI, De Bilt, Netherlands.
Journal/Review: JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS
KeyWords: in-situ measurements; convective System outflow; troposphere