Fluctuation theorems for multipartite quantum coherence and correlation dynamics

Year: 2026

Authors: Zhang K., Ni MY., Shi HL., Wang XH., Wang J.

Autors Affiliation: Northwest Univ, Sch Phys, Xian 710127, Peoples R China; Shaanxi Key Lab Theoret Phys Frontiers, Xian 710127, Peoples R China; Peng Huanwu Ctr Fundamental Theory, Xian 710127, Peoples R China; Fundamental Discipline Res Ctr Quantum Sci & techn, Xian 710127, Peoples R China; INO CNR, QSTAR, Largo Enrico Fermi 2, I-50125 Florence, Italy; LENS, Largo Enrico Fermi 2, I-50125 Florence, Italy; SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA; SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA.

Abstract: Fluctuation theorems establish exact relations for nonequilibrium dynamics, profoundly advancing the field of stochastic thermodynamics. In this work, we extend quantum fluctuation theorems beyond the traditional thermodynamic framework to quantum multipartite information dynamics, where both the system and the environment are multipartite without assuming any thermodynamic constraints. Based on the two-point measurement scheme and the classical probability, we establish the fluctuation theorem for the dynamics of classical multipartite mutual information. By extending to quasiprobability, we derive quantum fluctuation theorems for multipartite coherence and quantum correlations, presenting them in both integral and detailed forms. Our theoretical results are illustrated and verified using three-qubit examples, and feasible experimental verification protocols are proposed. These findings uncover the statistical structure underlying the nonequilibrium quantum information dynamics, providing fundamental insights and alternative tools for advancing quantum technologies.

Journal/Review: PHYSICAL REVIEW A

Volume: 113 (2)      Pages from: 22217-1  to: 22217-11

More Information: K.Z., X.-H.W., and H.-L.S. thank the support by the NSFC (Grants No. 12305028, No. 12275215, No. 12247103, No. 92365202, No. 12134015, and No. 12234019) , Na-tional Key Research and Development Program of China (2024YFA0919600) , Shaanxi Fundamental Science Research Project for Mathematics and Physics (Grant No. 22JSZ005) , the Youth Innovation Team of Shaanxi Universities and Quan-tum Science, and Technology-National Science and Technology Major Project under Grant No. 2023ZD0300400. K.Z. is supported by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation un-der Grant No. 2025M773421, Shaanxi Province Postdoctoral Science Foundation under Grant No. 2025BSHYDZZ017, and the Scientific Research Program Funded by the Education Department of Shaanxi Provincial Government (Program No. 24JP186) . H.-L.S. was supported by the Horizon Europe pro-gram HORIZONCL4-2022-QUANTUM-02-SGA via Project No. 101113690 (PASQuanS2.1) .
KeyWords: 2nd Law; Thermodynamics; Probability; Equality
DOI: 10.1103/sgmk-bdjy