Energy exchange statistics and fluctuation theorem for nonthermal asymptotic states
Year: 2025
Authors: Hernandez-Gumez S., Poggiali F., Cappellaro P., Cataliotti F.S., Trombettoni A., Fabbri N., Gherardini S.
Autors Affiliation: CNR INO, Via Nello Carrara 1, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; MIT, Res Lab Elect, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA; Univ Firenze, European Lab Nonlinear Spect LENS, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; MIT, Dept Nucl Sci & Engn, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA; CNR INO, Largo Enrico Fermi 6, I-50125 Florence, Italy; Univ Firenze, Dipartimento Fis & Astron, Via Sansone 1, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; Univ Trieste, Dipartimento Fis, Str Costiera 11, I-34151 Trieste, Italy; SISSA, Via Bonomea 265, I-34136 Trieste, Italy; INFN, Sez Trieste, via Valerio 2, I-34127 Trieste, Italy; CNR IOM DEMOCRITOS Simulat Ctr, Via Bonomea 265, I-34136 Trieste, Italy.
Abstract: Energy exchange statistics between two bodies at different thermal equilibria obey the Jarzynski-W & oacute;jcik fluctuation theorem. The corresponding energy scale factor is the difference of the inverse temperatures associated to the bodies at equilibrium. In this work, we consider a dissipative quantum dynamics leading the quantum system towards a possibly nonthermal, asymptotic state. To generalize the Jarzynski-W & oacute;jcik theorem to nonthermal states, we identify a sufficient condition I for the existence of an energy scale factor eta & lowast; that is unique, finite, and time independent, such that the characteristic function of the energy exchange distribution becomes identically equal to 1 for any time. This eta & lowast; plays the role of the difference of inverse temperatures. We discuss the physical interpretation of the condition I, showing that it amounts to an almost complete memory loss of the initial state. The robustness of our results against quantifiable deviations from the validity of I is evaluated by experimental studies on a single nitrogen-vacancy center subjected to a sequence of laser pulses and dissipation.
Journal/Review: PHYSICAL REVIEW E
Volume: 111 (1) Pages from: 14139-1 to: 14139-13
More Information: The authors thank Michele Campisi for collaboration in the initial stage of the work, for a critical reading of the draft, and for providing us useful suggestions. A.T. and S.G. acknowledge the kind hospitality at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in Boston, where main discussions were carried out. The authors acknowledge financial support from the MISTI Global Seed Funds MIT-FVG Collaboration Grants NV-centers for the Quantum Jarzynski Equality (NVQJE) and Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics of Dissipative Quantum Systems (NETDQS) , the Grant NSF PHY-2317134, the European Commission-EU under Grant Agreement No. 101070546-MUQUABIS, and the European Union-Next Generation EU within the PNRR MUR Projects PE0000023-NQSTI and IR0000016 I-PHOQS, and within the PRIN 2022 project QUASAR.KeyWords: Asymptotic state; Condition; Dissipative quantum dynamics; Energy exchanges; Energy scale; Fluctuations theorems; Inverse temperatures; Nonthermal; Scale Factor; Thermal-equilibriumDOI: 10.1103/PhysRevE.111.014139
