Quantum Droplets in Two-Dimensional Bose Mixtures at Finite Temperature

Year: 2024

Authors: Spada G., Pilati S., Giorgini S.

Autors Affiliation: CNR, INO, Pitaevskii BEC Ctr, I-38123 Trento, Italy; Univ Trento, Dipartimento Fis, I-38123 Trento, Italy; Univ Camerino, Sch Sci & Technol, Phys Div, I-62032 Camerino, Italy; INFN, Sez Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy.

Abstract: We investigate the formation of quantum droplets at finite temperature in attractive Bose mixtures subject to a strong transverse harmonic confinement. By means of exact path-integral Monte Carlo methods we determine the equilibrium density of the gas and the liquid as well as the pressure vs volume dependence along isothermal curves. Results for the equation of state and for the gas-liquid coexistence region in quasi-2D configurations are compared with calculations in strictly two dimensions, finding excellent agreement. Within the pure 2D model we explore the relevance of the quantum scale anomaly and we determine the critical interaction strength for the occurrence of the first-order gas to liquid transition. Furthermore, we find that the superfluid response develops suddenly, following the density jump from the gas to the liquid state.

Journal/Review: PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS

Volume: 133 (8)      Pages from: 83401-1  to: 83401-6

More Information: S. P. and G. S. acknowledge support from the Italian Ministry of University and Research under the PRIN2022 project Hybrid algorithms for quantum simulators No. 2022H77XB7, and from CINECA for the availability of high performance computing resources and support under the ISCRA initiative. S. P. also acknowledges support from the PNRR MUR Project No. PE0000023-NQSTI, from the EuroHPC Joint Undertaking, for awarding access to the EuroHPC super-computer LUMI, hosted by CSC (Finland) and the LUMI consortium through a EuroHPC Benchmark Access call, and from the CINECA-INFN agreement, for the availability of high-performance computing resources and support. G. S. and S. G. acknowledge funding from the Provincia Autonoma di Trento. S. G. also acknowledges support from ICSC – Centro Nazionale di Ricerca in HPC, Big Data and Quantum Computing, funded by the European Union under NextGenerationEU.
KeyWords: Long-range Order; Systems
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.133.083401