The Mu2e Digitizer ReAdout Controller (DiRAC): Characterization and radiation hardness
Year: 2024
Authors: Atanov N., Baranov V., Bloise C., Borrel L., Ceravolo S., Cervelli F., Colao F., Cordelli M., Corradi G., Davydov Y.I., Di Falco S., Diociaiuti E., Donati S., Echenard B., Fedeli P., Ferrari C., Gioiosa A., Giovannella S., Giusti V., Glagolev V., Hampai D., Happacher F., Hitlin D.G., Martini M., Middleton S., Miscetti S., Morescalchi L., Paesani D., Pasciuto D., Pedreschi E., Porter F., Raffaelli F., Saputi A., Sarra I., Spinella F., Taffara A., Zhu R.Y.
Autors Affiliation: Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna, Russia; INFN, Lab Nazl Frascati, Frascati, Italy; CALTECH, Pasadena, CA USA; ENEA, Frascati, Italy; INFN, Sez Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Univ Pisa, Pisa, Italy; CNR INO, Pisa, Italy; Univ Molise, Campobasso, Italy; Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy; Univ Guglielmo Marconi Roma, Rome, Italy; Univ Roma La Sapienza, Rome, Italy; INFN, Sez Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
Abstract: The Mu2e experiment at Fermilab will search for the neutrino-less coherent conversion of a muon into an electron in the field of a nucleus. Mu2e detectors comprise a straw tracker, an electromagnetic calorimeter and a veto for cosmic rays. The calorimeter employs 1348 Cesium Iodide crystals readout by silicon photomultipliers and fast front-end, and digitization electronics. The digitization board is named DiRAC (Digitizer ReAdout Controller) and 140 cards are needed for the readout of the full calorimeter. The DiRACs are hosted in crates located on the external surface of calorimeter disks, inside the detector solenoid cryostat and must sustain very high radiation and magnetic field so it was necessary to fully qualify it. Several version of prototypes were validated for operation in a high-vacuum (10(-4) Torr) and under a 1T magnetic field. An extensive radiation hardness qualification campaign, carried out with photons, 14 MeV neutron beams, and 200 MeV protons, certified the DiRAC design to sustain doses up to 12 krad, neutron fluences up to similar to 10(11)1 MeVn(eq)/cm(2), and very low occurrences of single-event effects. The qualification campaigns and quality assurance procedures will be reviewed.
Journal/Review: NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT
Volume: 1068 Pages from: 169688-1 to: 169688-3
More Information: We are grateful for the vital contributions of the Fermilab staff and the technical staff of the participating institutions. This work was supported by the US Department of Energy; the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Italy; the Science and Technology Facilities Council, UK; the Ministry of Education and Science, Russian Federation; the National Science Foundation, USA; the National Science Foundation, China; the Helmholtz Association, Germany; and the EU Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Grant Agreement 734303, 822185, 858199, 101003460, 101006726, and 101008126 (corresponding to the RADNEXT project) . The authors thanks the CNAO center in Pavia for providing proton beam time. This document was prepared by members of the Mu2e Collaboration using the resources of the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab) , a U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, HEP User Facility. Fermilab is managed by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC (FRA) , acting under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359.KeyWords: Electronics; Data acquisition; Calorimeter; Radiation hardness; Magnetic field robustnessDOI: 10.1016/j.nima.2024.169688