An All-Dielectric Polaritonic Metasurface with a Giant Nonlinear Optical Response

Year: 2022

Authors: Sarma R., Xu JM., De Ceglia D., Carletti L., Campione S., Klem J., Sinclair MB., Belkin MA., Brener I.

Autors Affiliation: Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA; Sandia Natl Labs, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA; Univ Texas Austin, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA; Univ Padua, Dept Informat Engn, I-35122 Padua, Italy; Univ Brescia, Dept Informat Engn, I-25121 Brescia, Italy; Univ Brescia, INO CNR, I-25121 Brescia, Italy; Tech Univ Munich, Walter Schottky Inst, D-85748 Garching, Germany.

Abstract: Enhancing the efficiency of second-harmonic generation using all-dielectric metasurfaces to date has mostly focused on electromagnetic engineering of optical modes in the meta-atom. Further advances in nonlinear conversion efficiencies can be gained by engineering the material nonlinearities at the nanoscale, however this cannot be achieved using conventional materials. Semiconductor heterostructures that support resonant nonlinearities using quantum engineered intersubband transitions can provide this new degree of freedom. By simultaneously optimizing the heterostructures and meta-atoms, we experimentally realize an all-dielectric polaritonic metasurface with a maximum second-harmonic generation power conversion factor of 0.5 mW/W-2 and power conversion efficiencies of 0.015% at nominal pump intensities of 11 kW/cm(2). These conversion efficiencies are higher than the record values reported to date in all-dielectric nonlinear metasurfaces but with 3 orders of magnitude lower pump power. Our results therefore open a new direction for designing efficient nonlinear all-dielectric metasurfaces for new classical and quantum light sources.

Journal/Review: NANO LETTERS

Volume: 22 (3)      Pages from: 896  to: 903

More Information: This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering and performed in part at the Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, an Office of Science User Facility operated for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science. Sandia National Laboratories is a multimission laboratory managed and operated by National Technology and Engineering Solutions of Sandia, LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Honeywell International, Inc., for the U.S. Department of Energy’s National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-NA0003525. The University of Texas and the Technical University of Munich members of the team acknowledges financial support from the DARPA NASCENT program. The University of Padova team members were partly supported by MIUR (Italian Minister for Education) under the initiative Departments of Excellence (Law 232/2016). This paper describes objective technical results and analysis. Any subjective views or opinions that might be expressed in the paper do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Department of Energy or the United States Government.
KeyWords: Nonlinear metasurfaces; All-Dielectric metasurfaces; Strong light-matter interaction; Second-harmonic generation; Polaritons; III-V semiconductors; Intersubband transitions
DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c03325

Citations: 25
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