Can We Observe Nonperturbative Vacuum Shifts in Cavity QED?

Year: 2023

Authors: Sàez-Blàzquez R., de Bernardis D., Feist J., Rabl P.

Autors Affiliation: TU Wien, Vienna Ctr Quantum Sci & Technol, Atominst, A-1020 Vienna, Austria; Univ Trento, INO CNR BEC Ctr, I-38123 Povo, Italy; Univ Trento, Dipartimento Fis, I-38123 Povo, Italy; Univ Autonoma Madrid, Dept Fis Teor Mat Condensada, Madrid 28049, Spain; Univ Autonoma Madrid, Condensed Matter Phys Ctr IFIMAC, E-28049 Madrid, Spain; Tech Univ Munich, TUM Sch Nat Sci, Phys Dept, D-85748 Garching, Germany; Bayer Akad Wissensch, Walther Meissner Inst, D-85748 Garching, Germany; Munich Ctr Quantum Sci & Technol MCQST, D-80799 Munich, Germany.

Abstract: We address the fundamental question of whether or not it is possible to achieve conditions under which the coupling of a single dipole to a strongly confined electromagnetic vacuum can result in nonperturbative corrections to the dipole’s ground state. To do so we consider two simplified, but otherwise rather generic cavity QED setups, which allow us to derive analytic expressions for the total ground-state energy and to distinguish explicitly between purely electrostatic and genuine vacuum-induced contributions. Importantly, this derivation takes the full electromagnetic spectrum into account while avoiding any ambiguities arising from an ad hoc mode truncation. Our findings show that while the effect of confinement per se is not enough to result in substantial vacuum-induced corrections, the presence of high-impedance modes, such as plasmons or engineered LC resonances, can drastically increase these effects. Therefore, we conclude that with appropriately designed experiments it is at least in principle possible to access a regime where light-matter interactions become nonperturbative.

Journal/Review: PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS

Volume: 131 (1)      Pages from: 13602-1  to: 13602-7

More Information: This work was supported by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) through Grant No. P31701 (ULMAC) , Grant No. P32299 (PHONED) , and the ESPRIT fellowship ESP 230-N (mesoQED) . D. B. acknowledges support by the Provincia Autonoma di Trento. J. F. acknowledges support by the European Research Council through Grant ERC-2016-STG-714870 and by the Spanish Ministry for Science, Innovation, and Universities-Agencia Estatal de Investigacion through Grants No. PID2021-125894NB-I00 and No. CEX2018-000805-M (through the Maria de Maeztu program for Units of Excellence in Research and Development) .
KeyWords: Quantum-electrodynamics
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.131.013602

Citations: 8
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