N2O Temporal Variability from the Middle Troposphere to the Middle Stratosphere Based on Airborne and Balloon-Borne Observations during the Period 1987-2018

Year: 2023

Authors: G. Krysztofiak; V. Catoire; T. Dudok De Wit; D.E. Kinnison; A. Ramaiah Ravishankara; V. Brocchi; E. Atlas; H. Bozem; R. Commane; F. D’Amato; B. Daube; G.S. Diskin; A. Engel; F. Friedl-Vallon; E. Hintsa; D.F. Hurst; P. Hoor; F. Jegou; K.W. Jucks; A. Kleinbtzhl; H. K

Autors Affiliation: Univ Orleans, CNRS, Lab Phys & Chim Environm & Espace LPC2E, CNES, F-45071 Orleans 2, France; Int Space Sci Inst, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland; Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80301 USA; Colorado State Univ, Dept Chem & Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA; Univ Miami, Dept Atmospher Sci, RSMAS, Miami, FL 33149 USA; Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Atmospher Phys, Becherweg 21, D-55128 Mainz, Germany; Columbia Univ, Dept Earth Environm Sci, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA; CNR Natl Inst Optic, Via Madonna Piano 10, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Boston, MA 02138 USA
10 NASA Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA; Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Inst Atmospher & Environm Sci, D-60323 Frankfurt, Germany; Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Meteorol & Climate Res, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany; Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA; NOAA, Global Monitoring Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA; NASA, Div Earth Sci, NASA HQ, Washington, DC 20546 USA; CALTECH, NASA Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA; Univ Bremen, Inst Environm Phys, Otto Hahn Allee 1, D-28359 Bremen, Germany; Univ Michigan, Dept Climate & Space Sci & Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA; CIMEL Elect, F-75011 Paris, France; Izana Atmospher Res Ctr, Santa Cruz De Tenerife 38001, Spain; Max Planck Inst Chem, Air Chem Dept, D-55128 Mainz, Germany; Le Studium Loire Valley, F-45000 Orleans, France; Assoc Agreee Surveillance Qualite Iair Auvergne R, Atmo Auvergne Rhone Alpes, F-69500 Bron, France

Abstract: Nitrous oxide (N2O) is the fourth most important greenhouse gas in the atmosphere and is considered the most important current source gas emission for global stratospheric ozone depletion (O3). It has natural and anthropogenic sources, mainly as an unintended by-product of food production activities. This work examines the identification and quantification of trends in the N2O concentration from the middle troposphere to the middle stratosphere (MTMS) by in situ and remote sensing observations. The temporal variability of N2O is addressed using a comprehensive dataset of in situ and remote sensing N2O concentrations based on aircraft and balloon measurements in the MTMS from 1987 to 2018. We determine N2O trends in the MTMS, based on observations. This consistent dataset was also used to study the N2O seasonal cycle to investigate the relationship between abundances and its emission sources through zonal means. The results show a long-term increase in global N2O concentration in the MTMS with an average of 0.89 +- 0.07 ppb/yr in the troposphere and 0.96 +- 0.15 ppb/yr in the stratosphere, consistent with 0.80 ppb/yr derived from ground-based measurements and 0.799 +- 0.024 ppb/yr ACE-FTS (Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment Fourier Transform Spectrometer) satellite measurements.

Journal/Review: ATMOSPHERE

Volume: 14 (3)      Pages from: 585-1  to: 585-23

More Information: This work was funded by the PIVOTS project provided by the Region Centre-Val de Loire (ARD 2020 program and CPER 2015-2020), and Labex VOLTAIRE (ANR-10-LABX-100-01). HALO N2O data were funded as part of the German science foundation (DFG) SPP 1294 under grants HO 4225/7-1, HO 4225/8-1, EN 367/13-1. ASUR-related work was largely funded by the European Commission (EC), the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), and the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF). EA acknowledges support of grants from the NASA Upper Atmospheric Research Program and the NSF Atmospheric Chemistry Program. European Community´s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement n603557-Project STRATOCLIM. The MIPAS-B related work was funded in part by the European Space Agency (ESA) and the German Aerospace Center (DLR). Airborne missions on the ER-2, DC8, WB57, Global Hawk, and some of the balloon projects were funded by NASA; HIPPO was funded by the U.S. National Science Foundation. DK was funded in part by NASA grant 80NSSC20K0949. A.R.R.´s stay in France was funded by the Le Studium of the Loire Valley, France. CARIBIC is partly funded by the German Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF 01LK1223). AK and GCT acknowledge support from NASA´s Upper Atmospheric Composition Observations Program (80NM0018F0583).
KeyWords: N2O variability; upper troposphere; stratosphere; in situ measurements; balloon data; aircraft data
DOI: 10.3390/atmos14030585

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