Topological superfluid transition in bubble-trapped condensates

Year: 2022

Authors: Tononi A., Pelster A., Salasnich L.

Autors Affiliation: Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis & Astron Galileo Galilei, Via Marzolo 8, I-35131 Padua, Italy; Ist Nazl Fis Nucl INFN, Sez Padova, Via Marzolo 8, I-35131 Padua, Italy; Univ Paris Saclay, LPTMS, CNRS, F-91405 Orsay, France; Tech Univ Kaiserslautern, Phys Dept, Erwin Schrodinger Str 46, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany; Tech Univ Kaiserslautern, Res Ctr OPTIMAS, Erwin Schrodinger Str 46, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany; Ist Nazl Ottica INO, Consiglio Nazl Ric CNR, Via Nello Carrara 1, I-50125 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.

Abstract: Ultracold quantum gases are highly controllable and thus capable of simulating difficult quantum many-body problems ranging from condensed matter physics to astrophysics. Although experimental realizations have so far been restricted to flat geometries, recently also curved quantum systems, with the prospect of exploring tunable geometries, have been produced in microgravity facilities as ground-based experiments are technically limited. Here, we analyze bubble-trapped condensates, in which the atoms are confined on the surface of a thin spherically symmetric shell by means of external magnetic fields. A thermally induced proliferation of vorticity yields a vanishing of superfluidity. We describe the occurrence of this topological transition by conceptually extending the theory of Berezinskii, Kosterlitz, and Thouless for infinite uniform systems to such finite-size systems. Unexpectedly, we find universal scaling relations for the mean critical temperature and the finite width of the superfluid transition. Furthermore, we elucidate how they could be experimentally observed in finiteerature hydrodynamic excitations.

Journal/Review: PHYSICAL REVIEW RESEARCH

Volume: 4 (1)      Pages from: 013122-1  to: 013122-8

More Information: The authors acknowledge useful discussions with A. Fetter, T.-L. Ho, N. Lundblad, and D. R. Nelson. A.P. acknowledges financial support by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) via the Collaborative Research Center SFB/TR185 (Project No. 277625399). A.T. acknowledges the support of the ANR grant Droplets (19CE30-0003).
KeyWords: PHASE-TRANSITION; VORTICES; DENSITY; PHYSICS; HELIUM; FILMS
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevResearch.4.013122

Citations: 20
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