Momentum-Resolved Observation of Thermal and Quantum Depletion in a Bose Gas

Year: 2016

Authors: Chang R., Bouton Q., Cayla H., Qu C., Aspect A., Westbrook CI., Clement D.

Autors Affiliation: Univ Paris Sud, Lab Charles Fabry, Inst Opt, CNRS, 2 Ave Augustin Fresnel, F-91127 Palaiseau, France;‎ Univ Trento, INO CNR BEC Ctr, I-38123 Povo, Italy; Univ Trento, Dipartimento Fis, I-38123 Povo, Italy

Abstract: We report on the single-atom-resolved measurement of the distribution of momenta (h) over bark in a weakly interacting Bose gas after a 330 ms time of flight. We investigate it for various temperatures and clearly separate two contributions to the depletion of the condensate by their k dependence. The first one is the thermal depletion. The second contribution falls off as k(-4), and its magnitude increases with the in-trap condensate density as predicted by the Bogoliubov theory at zero temperature. These observations suggest associating it with the quantum depletion. How this contribution can survive the expansion of the released interacting condensate is an intriguing open question.

Journal/Review: PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS

Volume: 117 (23)      Pages from: 235303-1  to: 235303-5

More Information: We thank E. Cornell, Z. Hadzibabic, K. Molmer, L. P. Pitaevskii, and S. Stringari for thorough discussions about the interpretation of our results. We thank F. Nogrette for providing support on the detector and M. Mancini for reading the manuscript. We acknowledge financial support from the Region Ile-de-France (DIM Daisy), the RTRA Triangle de la Physique, the European Research Council (Senior Grant Quantatop), the LabEx PALM (ANR-10-LABX-0039), the International Balzan Prize Foundation (2013 Prize for Quantum Information Processing and Communication awarded to A. Aspect), the Direction Generale de l’Armement, the french National Research Agency (ANR 15-CE30-0017-04) and the Institut Francilien de Recherche sur les Atomes Froids.
KeyWords: Bogoliubov Excitations
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.117.235303

Citations: 49
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