Scanning Probe Spectroscopy of WS2/Graphene Van Der Waals Heterostructures

Year: 2020

Authors: Dinelli F., Fabbri F., Forti S., Coletti C., Kolosov O.V., Pingue P.

Autors Affiliation: CNR, Ist Nazl Ott, Via Moruzzi 1, I-56124 Pisa, Italy; Scuola Normale Super Pisa, NEST, Piazza San Silvestro 12, I-56127 Pisa, Italy; CNR, Ist Nanosci, NEST, Piazza San Silvestro 12, I-56127 Pisa, Italy; Ist Italiano Tecnol, CNI NEST, Piazza San Silvestro 12, I-56127 Pisa, Italy; Ist Italiano Tecnol, Graphene Labs, Via Morego 30, I-16163 Genoa, Italy; Univ Lancaster, Dept Phys, Lancaster LA1 4YB, England.

Abstract: In this paper, we present a study of tungsten disulfide (WS2) two-dimensional (2D) crystals, grown on epitaxial Graphene. In particular, we have employed scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and mu Raman spectroscopy combined with multifunctional scanning probe microscopy (SPM), operating in peak force-quantitative nano mechanical (PF-QNM), ultrasonic force microscopy (UFM) and electrostatic force microscopy (EFM) modes. This comparative approach provides a wealth of useful complementary information and allows one to cross-analyze on the nanoscale the morphological, mechanical, and electrostatic properties of the 2D heterostructures analyzed. Herein, we show that PF-QNM can accurately map surface properties, such as morphology and adhesion, and that UFM is exceptionally sensitive to a broader range of elastic properties, helping to uncover subsurface features located at the buried interfaces. All these data can be correlated with the local electrostatic properties obtained via EFM mapping of the surface potential, through the cantilever response at the first harmonic, and the dielectric permittivity, through the cantilever response at the second harmonic. In conclusion, we show that combining multi-parametric SPM with SEM and mu Raman spectroscopy helps to identify single features of the WS2/Graphene/SiC heterostructures analyzed, demonstrating that this is a powerful tool-set for the investigation of 2D materials stacks, a building block for new advanced nano-devices.

Journal/Review: NANOMATERIALS

Volume: 10 (12)      Pages from: 2494  to: 2494

More Information: O.V.K. acknowledges the Graphene Flagship Core 3 (Grant 881603), EU project QUANTIHEAT (Grant 604668), EPSRC project EP/K023373/1, UKRI project NEXGENNA and Paul Instrument Fund, c/o The Royal Society. C.C. acknowledges funding from the European Union´s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreements no. 785219-Graphene Core2 and 881603-Graphene Core3.
KeyWords: 2DM; tungsten disulfide; epitaxial graphene; SiC; PF-QNM; UFM; EFM
DOI: 10.3390/nano10122494

Citations: 4
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