Measurement of the Canonical Equation of State of a Weakly Interacting 3D Bose Gas

Year: 2020

Authors: Mordini C., Trypogeorgos D., Farolfi A., Wolswijk L., Stringari S., Lamporesi G., Ferrari G.

Autors Affiliation: Univ Trento, INO CNR BEC Ctr, I-38123 Povo, Italy; Univ Trento, Dipartimento Fis, I-38123 Povo, Italy; Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Trento Inst Fundamental Phys & Applicat, I-38123 Povo, Italy.

Abstract: Using a multiple-image reconstruction method applied to a harmonically trapped Bose gas, we determine the equation of state of uniform matter across the critical transition point, within the local density approximation. Our experimental results provide the canonical description of pressure as a function of the specific volume, emphasizing the dramatic deviations from the ideal Bose gas behavior caused by interactions. They also provide clear evidence for the nonmonotonic behavior with temperature of the chemical potential, which is a consequence of superfluidity and Bose-Einstein condensation. The measured thermodynamic quantities are compared to mean-field predictions available for the interacting Bose gas. The limits of applicability of the local density approximation near the critical point are also discussed, focusing on the behavior of the isothermal compressibility.

Journal/Review: PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS

Volume: 125 (15)      Pages from: 150404-1  to: 150404-5

More Information: We are grateful to M. Ota, S. Giorgini, L. Pitaevskii, and C. Salomon for fruitful discussions, and M. Tharrault for contributions at the early stages of this project. We thank the whole BEC Center and the Q@TNinitiative.We acknowledge funding from the project NAQUAS of QuantERA ERA-NET Cofund in Quantum Technologies (Grant Agreement No. 731473) implemented within the European Unions Horizon 2020 Programme, and from Provincia Autonoma di Trento.
KeyWords: equation of state, weakly interacting gas, compressibility
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.125.150404

Citations: 14
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