Efficient coupling between annealed K +-Na + ion-exchanged channel waveguides and 10/125 single-mode fibers at ? = 1.321 µm

Year: 1998

Authors: Palchetti L., Giorgetti E., Grando D., Sottini S.

Autors Affiliation: Ist. Ric. sulle Onde E., 50127 Florence, Italy; University of Florence, Florence, Italy; Ist. Ric. sulle Onde E., Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Florence, Italy; University of Florence, Italy; Polytechnic Institute of Bari, Bari, Italy; University of California, Irvine, CA, United States; University of Bari, Italy; University of Salerno, Italy

Abstract: The process of thermal annealing of K +-Na + ion-exchanged channel waveguides has been studied with the aim of optimizing their coupling efficiency with commercial single-mode fibers at ? = 1.321 µm. Waveguides obtained in soda-lime glass slides, with mask apertures ranging between 13.4 and 2.6 µm, were characterized before the annealing by combining near-field measurements and an etching procedure. The experimental results were successfully compared with a theoretical model based on the variational principle. The refractive index distribution of K+-Na+ ion-exchanged channel waveguides supporting one or a low number of modes was given: compared to the corresponding slab case, the refractive index step ?n 0 remained constant, while the waveguide depth was lower. The thermal annealing process of the channels was then performed and modeled by means of the standard diffusion theory. As a result, the channel fabrication parameters for optimum guide-fiber coupling could be predicted: 0.23-dB mode mismatch losses were measured between the optimized channel and a commercial 10/125 single mode fiber, at ? = 1.321 µm.

Journal/Review: IEEE JOURNAL OF QUANTUM ELECTRONICS

Volume: 34 (1)      Pages from: 179  to: 189

More Information: Manuscript received December 20, 1996. This work was supported in part by European Project BE-7800. The authors are with Istituto di Ricerca sulle Onde Elettromagnetiche “Nello Carrara,” Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 50127 Florence, Italy. Publisher Item Identifier S 0018-9197(98)00362-5.
KeyWords: Annealing; Etching; Ion exchange; Mathematical models; Optical fiber coupling; Refractive index; Substrates; Variational techniques, Channel waveguides; Near field measurements, Optical waveguides
DOI: 10.1109/3.655022

Citations: 10
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